The sudden, involuntary spasm of muscles known as cramp causes acute pain, but it is usually dangerous only if a swimmer is affected. Cramp maybe caused by chilling during or after exercise such as swimming, by poor muscular coordination during exercise, or by loss of salt through severe sweating, vomiting or diarrhea. It can also occur during sleep for no apparent reason.
The spasm is generally relieved by stretching the affected muscles. This can be done by the sufferer, but it is often easier if another person can help gently to straighten the limb.
- Straighten your fingers, using gentle force if necessary.
- Spread your fingers and press down on the outstretched tips.
- Massage the affected muscles as you stretch them.
- Straighten your leg and stand up.
- Press down on your heel and toes alternately.
- Lean forward slightly to stretch the calf muscles.
- Massage the muscles as you stretch them.
- Stand on the ball of the foot so that your toes are forced up. Alternatively, sit down and pull your toes up towards the shin with your hand.
- Massage the muscles as you stretch them.
- Sit on the floor and straighten the leg. Then bear down at the knee to stretch the thigh muscles. If there is someone to help, get him to raise your leg by the heel and press down on the knee with the other hand.
- Massage the muscles.
To treat it, drink plenty of water. If the symptoms persist seek medical advice
